Essay About Characteristic Of Good Friend
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Daar Steven Bratman, A good friend of mine has suffered from anorexia 2 years ago. She has always dreamed of a career as model and is taking this very seriously.
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WEEKLY ESSAY CHALLENGE – 2. The following post was created when Essay Challenge was first started)In the newly introduced pattern for the UPSC Civil Services Main examination, the Essay paper has been given high priority. Now it carries 2. Marks, same as for other General Studies papers. Compared to other GS papers, Essay does not have a fixed syllabus. Instead, for writing an essay, the knowledge gained after thoroughly preparing for the General Studies papers is sufficient. You need not study separately for the Essay paper, but this doesn’t mean you need not .
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Analyze the statement in the Indian Context. Third Week’s Topic“Globalization and the rural society in India”Fourth Week’s Topic“Education and Dalit Empowerment”Fifth Week’s Topic“Our university system is, in many parts, in a state of disrepair. In almost half the districts in the country, higher education enrollments are abysmally low, almost two- third of our universities and 9. Critically Evaluate the state of higher education in India.
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Reference Group Influence On My Consumer Behaviour (ESSAY)A reference group can be defined as an individual or group to whom a consumer compares themselves with. Such groups may be classified as being formal (e. Soloman, Bamossy, Askegaard and Hogg 2. Reference groups can influence a consumer by affecting how they perceive a given product or service (i. Park and Lessig 1. In this essay, I shall discuss the groups that I belong to and evaluate how they may have influenced my purchasing behavior as a consumer. Huckleberry Finn Racism Essays. Informal Reference Group.
An informal reference group is a group that has no set structure or designated roles (Moschis 1. One such group that I am part of is my circle of close friends from my home town. We have been friends since secondary school and have always had a keen interest in fashion, particularly, designer label clothes of well- known and respected brands such as Giorgio Armani, Hugo Boss, Ralph Lauren and Burberry. Our interest in such clothing initially began as a result of non- uniform days at school, as we would each try to out do each other by wearing the best and most expensive clothes that we could acquire. The “winner” of this contest would be respected and complimented by the group members, and also often by other non- group members such as girls or acquaintances. The “loser” however, who was judged to be not wearing something “cool” or fashionable enough, was often mocked or ridiculed for having no fashion sense or for not being able to afford a “decent” pair of clothes.
As a result of this early childhood influence, when it comes to clothes, I feel that my purchasing behavior has been heavily influenced by my friend’s judgements. I know that with the right outfit, I will receive social approval. Essay Outlines Motivation. But with the wrong outfit, I will receive social disapproval. This could be classified as a type of normative or utilitarian reference group influence as a result of exerting reward or coercive power (Kelman 1.
I can receive praise and acceptance from my peers rather than rejection and criticism. It should be noted however, that I only feel self- conscious of what I wear in public. At home for example, I am not really fussed about what I wear because nobody can see my clothes. Although, I must admit that sometimes I do feel embarrassed thinking about what my friends would say if they knew what I was wearing! This shows that embarrassment is not necessarily a social phenomenon, but is something that can also occur in private (Tangney and Miller 1. Ethics Essay Outline. In my case however, solitary embarrassment is not enough to influence the purchase of my home clothes, thereby suggesting that the influence of my informal reference group is the strongest for clothes that I wear publically, and weakest for clothes that I wear privately (Bearden and Etzel 1. I also do not think that there is a big difference between the quality or comfort of designer brands and less expensive unknown brands.
The real difference lies in how those brands are perceived by others as a result of the image or message that they convey. Neuroimaging studies for example, have shown that when an individual views a well- known brand such as the Apple logo, the brain responds in a similar manner to when viewing a religious symbol (Lindstrom 2. Plassmann, Ramsoy and Milosavljevic 2.
This evidence may help to explain why many people, like myself, feel that wearing designer clothes positively enhances the interactions we have with others, because such clothes may quite literally make others feel good just by looking at the person who is wearing them. However, the fact that my perception of clothing is altered by the environment that I am in (i. Asch conformity experiment where participants were found to conform to the dominant group answer, even doing so at the expense of reversing their initial judgement (Asch 1. Therefore, my act of conformity may be motivated by a desire to preserve or enhance my self- esteem, because by wearing designer clothes I can reduce the perceived risk of receiving social disapproval such as being laughed at or mocked (Ross 1. In this sense, one could argue that the real power or influence of my reference group comes not from their ability to dispense praise or criticism (i. Cheng, White and Chaplin (2. One could interpret these findings as indicating that consumers do not only form a physical bond with a product through its use, but also, form a psychological bond that can positively or negatively affect one’s perception of the self.
The vulnerability of my own self- esteem to the comments of others may stem from a perceived inadequacy, one that may have been generated by the marketers of the clothes that I purchase (Wilcox and Laird 2. As a result, by exposing these insecurities, my reference group may be influencing my purchasing behavior by stimulating my own desire to hide or conceal my feelings of inadequacy via an act of conformity. Interestingly, conformity has been shown to decrease with increasing age (Costanzo and Shaw 1. One possible explanation which may account for these findings, is that older adults typically report higher levels of life satisfaction (Urry and Gross 2. Reichstadt, Sengupta, Depp, Palinkas and Jeste 2. This in turn, may make older adults more psychologically resistant to criticisms of their peers, and therefore, less willing to conform to those criticisms. Aspirational Reference Group.
An aspirational reference group is a group to which an individual does not belong, but wishes to belong. Typically, this group will be made up of role models or idealised figures that are admired and respected (e. Cocanougher and Bruce 1.
One such individual that I particularly admire is David Beckham. I like Beckham because I think that he is a very good example of what you can achieve with hard work and determination. He has had a very successful career, conducts himself in a respectful manner and has an enviable lifestyle. Beckham endorses many different types of products such as those from Adidas, Gillette, Giorgio Armani and Calvin Klein, brands that I also like to use. Furthermore, as a result of Beckham’s endorsements, my perception of some products has been changed.
The hair styling product “Brylcreem” for example, which is a product that I once considered to be an unfashionable and out- of- date product, is something that I now use because I view it in a much more favourable light after seeing Beckham advertise it. Overall, I feel that David Beckham has a value- expressive influence on my purchasing behavior (Park and Lessig 1. I would like to emulate and he also advertises products that are considered trendy and fashionable. By using such products I am therefore more likely to receive social approval from my peers, and so it could be argued that the utilitarian influence of my informal reference group serves to enhance the value- expressive influence of my aspirational reference group. Another reason why my purchasing behavior may be so strongly influenced by David Beckham, could be due to an act of social comparison. Festinger (1. 95. Therefore, if an individual admires another person (i.
Ross (1. 97. 1, p. Elliott and Elliott 2.
Richins 1. 99. 1, p. Free Essay Samples In Education there. The most obvious way in which this imitation occurs, is via the use of products that the consumer believes their role model also uses and approves of. Interestingly, the act of imitation appears to be an innate human characteristic, as it is something that has been observed in infants as young as one month of age (Meltzoff and Moore 1. Gazzola and Keysers 2. Essays On The Cask Of Amontillado there.
It may be the case therefore, that the reason why celebrities are often used to advertise and promote the sale of products, is because their mere presence may, as a result of one’s motivation to reach their ideal self, be particularly effective at stimulating the natural tendency towards imitative behavior (Ohanian 1. Ferguson and Bargh 2. It should be noted however, that advertisements using regular models, such as those found in Dove’s “Real Woman” campaign, have, in some studies, been found to be just as effective as advertisements which use celebrities or very attractive models (Halliwell and Dittmar 2. This suggests that the ability of an aspirational figure to influence a consumers’ purchasing behavior comes not from how they look or who they are, but rather, from the consumer’s ability to identify with or relate to them. Interestingly, Park and John (2. In their study for example, women who were given Victoria’s Secret bags to carry around with them reported feeling more glamorous and good- looking than women who were given plain bags to carry. These findings support the findings of Cheng at al.
Consequently, my reference groups (i. Park et al (2. 01. However, the positive effects of brand association were far less for individuals who felt that they could improve themselves by themselves. This suggests that consumer buying behavior is not only influenced by the company that a consumer keeps, but also, by their own ability to accept themselves for the way they are and then express that self in the face of well- defined social norms (Aggarwal 2. Conclusion. Reference groups play an important role in influencing the purchasing behavior of consumers. However, the type of influence exerted by these groups can vary depending on the type of product, whether that product is consumed privately or publically and the characteristics of the consumer such as their age, beliefs and who they associate or would like to associate with. In my case for example, the norms and expectations of my friends motivates me towards the purchase of branded products and away from unbranded products.
Within this context are my own needs and desires (Maslow 1. However, the influence of reference groups may not always occur in such a complimentary fashion. In some instances for example, a utilitarian influence may hinder or inhibit the formation of a value expressive influence. Britney Spears t- shirt because doing so would most likely lead to ridicule and questions about my sexuality.
In the past, a competitor might use patents. And by this I mean software in the general sense.
Why are programmers so violently opposed to these laws? In those countries, people color inside. I lived for a while in Florence. You might get it. Thanks to Ken Anderson, Trevor Blackwell, Daniel Giffin.
Sarah Harlin, Shiro Kawai, Jessica Livingston, Matz. Jackie Mc. Donough, Robert Morris, Eric Raymond, Guido van Rossum. David Weinberger, and. Steven Wolfram for reading drafts of this essay. Reproduced by permission of Steve.
Orthorexia Essay . Descriptive Essay Examples Family on this page. Some of the things I said in the article are no longer true of me, or of what I currently believe. Other parts are clearly dated. Also, just possibly, you may find yourself smiling or even laughing out loud at one part or another. Because I am a physician who practices alternative medicine, patients who come to me often begin the conversation by asking whether they can be cured through diet. This influential system of alternative dietary principles insists that all vegetables should be cooked; fruits should not be eaten at all. This is ironic, of course, since holism is one of the strongest ideals of alternative medicine, and its most ubiquitous catchphrase (next to “natural”).
It would be more holistic to take time to understand the whole person before making dietary recommendations, and occasionally temper those recommendation with an acknowledgment of other elements in that person’s life. Davis was earnest and persistent in his expression of gratitude, and would have taken as a personal rebuke my refusal of the cheese.